Hypothermia
Dangerously low body temperature caused by prolonged exposure to cold.
Hypothermia occurs when the body’s core temperature drops below 35°C (95°F) due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Common scenarios that increase the risk of hypothermia include being caught in cold, wet weather, falling into cold water, or being in an unheated house during winter.
Hypothermia can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the body's temperature and the associated symptoms. Mild hypothermia is characterized by shivering, pale and cold skin, fatigue, lethargy, and impaired coordination. As the condition progresses to moderate or severe hypothermia, shivering stops, respirations become slow and shallow, vision blurs, muscles become stiff, and consciousness can be affected.
The care and treatment for hypothermia involve removing the casualty from the cold environment, providing shelter from wind and moisture, and gently warming them. Wet clothing should be removed, and the casualty should be wrapped in warm, dry blankets or a 'space blanket'. If the casualty is fully conscious, warm, sweet drinks can be given. It is crucial to warm the casualty slowly and avoid direct heat, which can cause shock. Alcohol should not be given, as it lowers the body’s ability to retain heat.
In severe cases, where the casualty is unresponsive or has stopped shivering, immediate medical attention is necessary, and resuscitation may be required.
Move to Warm Area: Get the casualty out of the cold and into a warm environment.
Remove Wet Clothing: Replace with dry, warm clothing or blankets.
Warm Slowly: Use warm (not hot) water bottles or heating pads, and warm drinks (if conscious) to gradually raise body temperature.
Seek Medical Help: Call emergency services for severe hypothermia.
Hypothermia occurs when the body's temperature drops below 35°C (95°F) due to prolonged exposure to cold. It can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
ReferenceFirst Cold Related Emergencies - Hypothermia